The Seven Elements of Waste to Look For in Your Business

June is upon us and the kids will be getting out ofTakeaway - Better layouts, better process flow
school shortly. This means summer vacations to thedesign and increased automation eliminates
beach and weekly trips to the pool. Many of us dreadunnecessary motion which reduces waste and
the swimsuit season since we may not be as "lean"increases productivity. Take time to think about the
as we'd like to be. Getting lean physically meansunnecessary "motion" that occurs in your business.
eating better, eating less and exercising more. That isWaiting - No real mystery here. Think of periods of
my current objective since our July trip to Myrtleinactivity while people or machines are waiting for the
Beach is approaching fast!next input. A great example is in the mortgage
This made me think about getting "lean" as it relatesapplication process. You fill out your application with all
to business. You may have heard of the terms "leanthe supporting information and hand it over to the
manufacturing" or "lean thinking" in different articles,mortgage company. They tell you it will take four to
seminars or books. Lean manufacturing or "lean" is asix weeks to process.
generic process management philosophy derivedIn reality, there is only 15-20 hours of actual work
mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS). Idone on your application to complete it. The rest of
know Toyota has run into some major issuesthe time is wasted on waiting. Work waiting for
recently so I don't want you to shut down mentallypeople (backlog), people waiting for work or people
at this point. The main reason that Toyota has runwaiting for people. One smell test is Solitaire. If
into the problems is the lack of focus on leanpeople are playing Solitaire, then you know time is
principles and total quality efforts that made them sobeing wasted waiting for work.
successful in the first place. One of the keys toTakeaway- Look at processes that involve waiting
surviving in this economy is to do more with less andand find ways to eliminate that time. If that is not
having a lean mentality in your business will help youpossible, add new productive activities that can be
get there.done during the waiting period.
Lean is NOT just for manufacturing! These conceptsOverproduction - This ties in directly with inventory
apply to all types of businesses as well as backand waiting. Overproducing and waiting results in
office processes such as finance and humanexcessive inventory. A client of mine used to make
resources. Lean concepts can be applied toproduct and then package it in finished goods based
everything.on customer forecast. Many times when the orders
One lean concept relates to eliminating waste and iscame in, the customer wanted different packaging
basically centered on the concept of "preservingthan forecast so my client had to open up finished
value with less work." Lean thinking points togoods boxes, take the product out of packages and
effectively eliminating seven different types ofrepackage them per the customer order. A waste of
waste in your business processes:time, packaging materials and warehouse space as
1. Transportationwell as the opportunity cost of working on other
2. Inventoryorders.
3. MotionIn this case, the solution was to manufacture goods
4. Waitingbased on better customer forecasts (push) and then
5. Overproductionpackage and ship based on customer order (pull). This
6. Overprocessingreduced inventory and rework as well as shipping
7. Defectsorders more quickly.
Let's take a look at these and provide examples ofTakeaway - look for ways to get better information
each.to better forecast needs and figure out ways to
Transportation - This involves standard transportationmaximize production efficiencies so finished goods
from suppliers and to customers as well as thecan be shipped immediately upon completion.
internal transport of information. UPS discovered theOverprocessing - This is usually an issue when one
waste involved in transportation when it explored thesub-process is much more efficient than other
simple concept of its trucks waiting at stop lights orsub-processes. For example, you run the payment
stop signs to make a left turn. Significant amounts ofprocessing section for a credit card operation. You
time and gas were being wasted waiting to makedecided to buy a high speed envelope opener that
left turns.opens 60 envelopes/minute. Sounds great except for
UPS rewrote their software programs to maximizethe fact that your staff can only process 30
the number of right turns when delivering packages.payments per minute. The increased speed in letter
In 2006, this resulted in saving over three millionopening does not increase the throughput at the end
gallons of gas, increased deliveries per truck andof the process. The money spent on this machine is
reduced CO2 emissions by 31,000 metric tons.wasted if it does not result in increased throughput
Takeaway - waste is everywhere if you look atfor the whole process.
things differently. Also, simple concepts can deliverTakeaway - you must look at an entire process and
huge results. Don't outthink yourself. There is brilliancemeasure it from beginning to end. Increased speed in
in simplicity.one sub-process does not necessarily result in better
Inventory - This involves storing and maintaining "justtotal results. A processes' throughput is only as good
in case" inventory versus "just in time" inventory.as its biggest bottleneck!
Inventory that is made or purchased without ordersDefects - We've all heard the phrase, "do it right the
or immediate use limits floor space, increases storagefirst time" and that is the essence of this element.
costs, reduces cash flow, etc. In its original model,Defects in outputs (products, documents,
Dell Computer had this mastered. Customer'sdeliverables, etc.) that causes the output to be
computer orders were placed online or over thedisposed of or to need rework results in wasted
phone. The computers were then put together withmaterials, time and scheduling as well as missing
on hand supplier parts that did not become Dellcustomer delivery dates or client due dates.
inventory until it was added to the computer onI had a client that had a large department devoted
order.entirely to back office error correction based on
The customer paid for the computer when it wasincomplete or inaccurate data that was input by
shipped and then Dell paid the suppliers for the partscustomers via the web. By making some web form
inventory on 60 day terms after the shipment. How'sadjustments that required data to be input a certain
that for a cash flow model! Customer payment 60way and rejecting customer submissions unless they
days before I have to pay my supplier and I hold nowere complete and accurate, we eliminated the
inventory. Wouldn't we all love that model!"waste" of error correction by eliminating the problem
Takeaway- Think of inventory as a liability, not anat the source.
asset and ask yourself the question, "How do I fulfillTakeaway - build quality into your processes so no
customer orders with little or no inventory?"rework is required. Determine the root cause of
Motion - Think of wasted motion as extra stepsdefects and eliminate the problem at the source and
taken by employees based on an inefficient layout.refuse to implement "band aid" solutions related to
There is significant waste related to motion in backthe symptoms.
office processes. For example, the expenditureI have found that by intentionally looking for waste
process involves purchasing, receiving, vouching,based on these seven elements, I see waste
approval and payment. Wouldn't it make sense toeverywhere. It's like putting on different glasses and
have these functions as close to each other asseeing a different world in front of you. For the next
possible as well as maximizing the automation of theweek, I challenge you take the seven elements
workflow?(acronym is TIM WOOD for memory purposes) and
Many times these functions are on different floors, inlook for them intentionally in all that you do.
different buildings and are not automated. PeopleI believe you will be amazed at how many wasteful
move up and down floors, send emails, drop offthings you will see through the course of the week
paperwork.........you get the idea. This results in delaysand it will inspire you to get more "lean" in all that you
in approval, delays in processing, the scheduling ofdo. Different lenses show you different things. Please
unnecessary meetings (Talk about waste!) andlet me know what you see!
increases in cycle times.