| Water pollution: | | | | be highly panelized in law. And the Use of organic |
| Water pollution occurs when water bodies are | | | | fertilizers rather than chemicals should be encouraged, |
| seriously affected, itcan be defined as the presence | | | | water hyacinth control involves the use of herbicides |
| of foreign materials either in solid or in solution form | | | | which leads to pollution, an alternative method should |
| in water sources. The presence of any unwanted | | | | be used example use of anthropoids. |
| substances in water makes it not safe for drinking, | | | | Opposing issues: |
| navigation, and recreational uses i.e. swimming | | | | Fertilizer and pesticides usage in plantations is not |
| waterskiing, and angling. This leads to bad odor and | | | | easy to regulate as the two are very important for |
| presence of micro organism’s example | | | | food security in an economy. Plough and cultivation |
| protozoa, fungi, bacteria and protozoa which causes | | | | that lead to soil erosion lead to eutrofication is hard |
| diseases such as typhoid cholera and dysentery | | | | to control and the Non point sources which deliver |
| human, urgent measures are required to rectify the | | | | pollutants indirectly through environment are difficult |
| situation so as to maintain a stable ecological system. | | | | to control |
| Causes of water pollution: | | | | Another issue is the Eutrophication which is a natural |
| Water pollution is mainly caused by human activities | | | | phenomenon that occurs due to aging, it also lead to |
| on land, this range from agricultural activities, farming | | | | sedimentations and organic matter in water bodies |
| in particular leads to water pollution due to uses of | | | | finally the Human aquatic interaction is also not |
| pesticides example in tea, cotton, pyrethrum and | | | | possible to avoid due to benefits incurred e.g. |
| coffee plantations these pesticides are washed away | | | | transport, hydro electric schemes, irrigation and |
| into streams, rivers and lakes thus killing some of the | | | | fishing. |
| aquatic organisms. | | | | Challenges and limitations: |
| Uses of fertilizers which contains high levels of | | | | · Heavy rains wash away vegetative covers on |
| nitrates, phosphates and also those that contain | | | | rivers and streams which are beyond human control. |
| growth hormones will lead to pollution, these | | | | · In drainage channels aquatic weeds create a high |
| chemicals lead to excess stimulation of aquatic plants | | | | risk of flooding and water logging because they |
| and algae around water bodies and streams, this | | | | increase channel roughness hence block water flows. |
| clogging and covering of water bodies prevent light | | | | · It’s not advisable to reduce irrigation as this |
| from penetrating thus creating an imbalance in the | | | | would reduce food production. |
| ecological system because the light is important for | | | | · Control of notorious emergent macrophytesin |
| aquatic living organisms. | | | | Europeis e.g. phragmites australis which can spread |
| Wash offs from ploughed fields and construction | | | | from aquatic habitat to terrestrial fields where water |
| sites in urban centers logging sites is also a | | | | tables are close to the surfaces are not easy to |
| contributing factor in water pollution, run offs from | | | | control without use of herbicides. |
| pastures land erode river banks bring around | | | | · Oil spillage in oceans is not 100% avoidable due to |
| sediment sand organic substances thus reducing | | | | the fact that crude oils are transported by heavy |
| depth of water bodies which lead to eutrophication. | | | | tankers and ship on oceans where accidents happen. |
| Heat is also a water pollutant in that change in | | | | · It requires high political good will to implement |
| temperatures of water in seas and oceans affects | | | | some polices to reduce water pollution especially at |
| the metabolic processes of aquatic organisms. Waste | | | | international levels. |
| from industries is another major factor causing water | | | | · Pollution due to natural phenomena example |
| pollution .emissions such as sulphur dioxide is emitted | | | | volcanoes, algae blooms, storms are beyond human |
| into the atmosphere form acid rain which causes | | | | control. |
| harm to both plants and animals. Radio active | | | | · Management of sewerage systems and industrial |
| emission from nuclear power plants, uranium and | | | | waste depend on countries economic power. |
| thorium refining and mining plants also contribute to | | | | How plan affect community. |
| water pollution. | | | | · Oil spillage on and marines oceans are not |
| Management plant alleviate the problem: | | | | 100%posible to rectify. |
| Management of water pollution includes legal issues | | | | Other emerging issues: |
| concerning the environment, whereby specific | | | | Reducing farming along river banks practicing of |
| regulations of wastes from manufacturing industries | | | | irrigation may negatively harm food security in a |
| and dumping should be put in place. Farming near river | | | | community. By not regulating aquatic weeds, this may |
| banks should be avoided to reduce soil erosion that | | | | lead to harboring of mosquitoes e.g. mansonia |
| lead to sedimentation. Recycling and treatment of | | | | mosquito responsible for transmitting filaris and |
| urban waste should be encouraged | | | | encephalitis. Jobs are lost incase industrial emission is |
| Dumping of mechanical waste from garages and car | | | | regulated where manufacturers who are not |
| washes should not be directed into rivers but a | | | | competitive are driven out of business. Lifestyle is |
| better system should be encouraged. Scientific radio | | | | altered where certain products are regulated by |
| active material and hospital wastes should be | | | | registration enacted e.g. use of plastic bags. Finally the |
| professionally disposed. Fishing using chemicals should | | | | offshore Oil explorations and drilling causes oil spills. |