| The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment | | | | equipment manufacturers. Hence suitable tie-ups with |
| (WEEE) Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Union | | | | external recycling establishments may need to be |
| aims at minimization of the impact of e-waste | | | | entered into by manufacturers, either singly or |
| (discarded or end-of-life electrical or electronic | | | | through collective arrangements. The foregoing are |
| equipment [EEE]), on the environment by increasing | | | | post-sales activities. |
| re-use and recycling and reducing the amount of | | | | It is very important for a manufacturer to also |
| WEEE going to landfills. It is closely linked to the | | | | understand the importance of certain pre-sales |
| Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive | | | | actions which impinge upon compliance significantly. |
| 2002/95/EC which seeks to limit the presence of six | | | | These are actions at the design and manufacturing |
| hazardous materials in electrical and electronic | | | | stages. |
| equipment. | | | | First is the effort to design equipment which can be |
| There are several categories of electronic waste or | | | | dismantled into the smallest possible parts and |
| e-waste that fall under the WEEE Directive: large and | | | | components. This will facilitate recovery of the parts |
| small household appliances as well as consumer | | | | for reuse; a more economical proposition than say, |
| products are included. E-waste in this directive means | | | | recycling. |
| electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) designed for | | | | Second, manufacturers must ensure labeling of |
| use with voltage ratings of up to 1000V ac or 1500V | | | | products is in line with the requirements of the WEEE |
| dc. Hence manufacturers of most electronic | | | | Directive including a "Do Not Landfill" note. |
| consumer goods used in day to day life, fall under | | | | Third, reduction of hazardous material content in the |
| the purview of the directive. Since the consequences | | | | product greatly reduces the need for expensive |
| of non-compliance are serious (including possible ban | | | | recovery efforts. It also contributes to overall |
| on doing business in EU countries), manufacturers | | | | environmental conservation. For this reason, the |
| need to be conversant with the WEEE and the | | | | importance of RoHS compliance of products and |
| related RoHS directives. | | | | processes cannot be over emphasized. The sooner |
| The WEEE Directive seeks to minimize the | | | | manufacturers recognize this fact; the better their |
| environmental impact of e-waste by mandating its | | | | profits will be long term. |
| collection, treatment, recovery and/or recycling | | | | The WEEE 2002/96/EC Directive is not a law and |
| should be facilitated and financed by producers. It | | | | individual EU member states are to incorporate its |
| also proposes that consumers be able to return their | | | | provisions into their own legislations. Since differences |
| waste equipment free of charge. Manufacturers, | | | | in the laws across the EU member states are |
| therefore, need to assess the impact of these | | | | inevitable, multi-national manufacturers may need to |
| requirements and initiate appropriate action for | | | | develop innovative compliance solutions. |
| implementation. | | | | Further, the WEEE Directive is based on Article 175 |
| This involves setting up collection centers for | | | | of the EC (European Community) Treaty - the |
| e-waste, arrangements for transportation to the | | | | Treaty establishing the European Union. This allows |
| recovery and/or recycling centers, facilities for | | | | member states to include additional products as long |
| recycling and determination of final disposal options. | | | | as they countries adhere to European Community |
| Recovery and recycling of electronic waste is | | | | laws governing overall trade and commerce within |
| specialized work and recycling plants must conform | | | | and beyond the EU. Manufacturers must stay abreast |
| to certain minimum standards. | | | | of more environmentally sound practices and current |
| Operation of captive recycling facilities may be both | | | | WEEE changes. They also need to be aware of the |
| uneconomical and beyond the core competence of | | | | implication of such changes on their businesses. |